{
  "source": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-abroad-fees/",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 — attribute \"4MBBS (4mbbs.com)\"",
  "currency": "USD",
  "inrPerUsd": 94,
  "note": "Approximate published fees for English-medium MBBS/MD programmes; each url lists sources and the last-checked date.",
  "countries": [
    {
      "name": "Armenia",
      "iso2": "AM",
      "region": "Caucasus",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-armenia/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, MD Physician qualification)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        7200,
        7200
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        220,
        820
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        43200,
        69400
      ],
      "medium": "English for foreign students (Armenian and Russian streams also exist)",
      "admission": "University entrance exams in two of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; NEET-UG required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September (YSMU applications June–September)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "YSMU's six-year English programme fits FMGL's duration rule, but we could not verify how foreign graduates are licensed in Armenia, national FMGE results are low (13.5% in 2025) and one private university lost its licence in 2022. Check each university in writing.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 13.5% (FMGE 2025, June + December combined, 362 of 2,689 — NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Yerevan",
        "Gyumri"
      ],
      "climate": "Dry continental: hot summers (Yerevan July–August highs ≈ 34 °C) and cold winters (January lows ≈ −8 °C)",
      "currency": "Armenian dram (AMD)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Australia",
      "iso2": "AU",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-australia/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years for school-leaver entry at UNSW, or a 4-year graduate-entry MD (Sydney, UQ, UWA), then a separate 12-month internship",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        65000,
        74400
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        1700,
        2850
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        378000,
        562000
      ],
      "medium": "English",
      "admission": "School leavers: Year 12 results + ISAT or UCAT ANZ + interview; graduates: bachelor's degree + GAMSAT or MCAT + interview",
      "intake": "January–February (Semester or Term 1); applications close the year before",
      "fmglFit": "poor",
      "fmglNote": "Teaching is in English and graduates of accredited programmes can get provisional registration, but the 12-month internship is a separate state-allocated hospital job after graduation, not at the same institution, and international graduates are not guaranteed one. Four-year graduate-entry MDs also fall below FMGL's 54 months.",
      "fmgePassRate": "Not reported: no candidates with an Australian degree in either 2025 FMGE session (NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Sydney",
        "Brisbane",
        "Perth",
        "Melbourne"
      ],
      "climate": "Mostly temperate to subtropical; summer runs December to February",
      "currency": "Australian dollar (AUD)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Azerbaijan",
      "iso2": "AZ",
      "region": "Caucasus",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-azerbaijan/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (Treatment and Prevention / General Medicine) after a ~5–6 month preparatory course",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        6000,
        6000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        350,
        600
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        39600,
        44600
      ],
      "medium": "English, Russian or Azerbaijani (chosen at admission)",
      "admission": "Online application on portal.edu.az + online interview; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "Autumn; preparatory course first if the interview shows gaps",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "AMU's 6-year English-medium course meets the duration and language rules, but you must confirm in writing that the 12-month internship is done at AMU and that foreign graduates can be licensed in Azerbaijan. Indian cohorts and FMGE samples are small.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 52% (Dec 2025 session: 22 of 42, all Azerbaijani universities); 23% June 2025; 20% in 2024 (NBEMS, small samples)",
      "cities": [
        "Baku"
      ],
      "climate": "Hot, dry summers and cool, windy winters in Baku",
      "currency": "Azerbaijani manat (AZN)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bangladesh",
      "iso2": "BD",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-bangladesh/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "5 years + 1-year compulsory internship",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        9000,
        9700
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        200,
        400
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        45000,
        50000
      ],
      "medium": "English",
      "admission": "Annual DGME circular: merit by GPA (Class 10 + Class 12 PCB); no entrance exam for foreigners; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "Applications Nov–Jan; classes start early in the following year",
      "fmglFit": "good",
      "fmglNote": "60 months of English-medium study plus a 12-month internship is standard. The internship must be done at the same college's hospital (some colleges make this optional), and you should confirm BM&DC registration rules for foreign graduates.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 33.1% (FMGE 2025, June + December combined, NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Dhaka",
        "Sirajganj",
        "Manikganj",
        "Kishoreganj",
        "Comilla",
        "Sylhet",
        "Rangpur"
      ],
      "climate": "Hot and humid with a heavy June–October monsoon; mild winters",
      "currency": "Bangladeshi taka (BDT)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Belarus",
      "iso2": "BY",
      "region": "Russia & Belarus",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-belarus/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        6300,
        6300
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        300,
        400
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        37800,
        37800
      ],
      "medium": "English-medium groups at BSMU (Russian-medium also offered); Russian needed with patients",
      "admission": "Interview (English or Russian, Chemistry, Biology) at BSMU; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September (BSMU accepted documents through September 2026)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "BSMU runs English-medium General Medicine over six years and is listed in WDOMS, but NMC treats the 12-month internship as separate from the 54-month course, patients speak Russian or Belarusian, and licence eligibility must be shown. Confirm the internship, language and licence wording in writing.",
      "fmgePassRate": "28.1% (FMGE 2025, June + December sessions combined, NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Minsk",
        "Gomel",
        "Grodno",
        "Vitebsk"
      ],
      "climate": "Cold but milder than central Russia; Minsk averages about −4 °C in January and 19 °C in July",
      "currency": "Belarusian rouble (BYN); BSMU quotes foreign-student fees in US dollars"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bulgaria",
      "iso2": "BG",
      "region": "Europe",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-bulgaria/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (10 semesters + 1-year state clinical internship)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        8850,
        11050
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        500,
        800
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        54150,
        62100
      ],
      "medium": "English (Bulgarian compulsory in years 1–3 for patient contact)",
      "admission": "Ministry of Education document approval + biology and chemistry entry tests + English proof; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "October (Sofia's English programmes started 19 October 2026)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Six-year English-medium programmes whose last year is a state clinical internship in the university's own hospitals, which is closer to FMGL than many countries. Bulgarian is needed for patients, and licence eligibility for non-EU graduates must be confirmed with the university and NMC before enrolling.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 29% — 21 of 73 passed (FMGE June + Dec 2025 combined, NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Sofia",
        "Varna",
        "Plovdiv",
        "Pleven"
      ],
      "climate": "Continental inland, milder on the Black Sea coast (Varna)",
      "currency": "Euro (EUR) since 1 January 2026"
    },
    {
      "name": "Canada",
      "iso2": "CA",
      "region": "Caribbean & Americas",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-canada/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "4-year MD after a bachelor's degree (3 years at McMaster and Calgary); a licence also needs 2+ years of residency",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        27100,
        52400
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        1350,
        1450
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        178000,
        290000
      ],
      "medium": "English at McGill (B2 French also required); French at Laval, Montréal and Sherbrooke",
      "admission": "Bachelor's degree, high GPA, CASPer, interview; only about 5 regular visa-student seats in Canada for 2027 (1 at McGill)",
      "intake": "Fall (autumn) only; McGill's Fall 2027 deadline was 1 November 2026",
      "fmglFit": "poor",
      "fmglNote": "Canadian MDs last 4 years (3 at McMaster and Calgary), short of FMGL's 54 months, and contain no separate 12-month internship. Practice needs 2+ years of residency, which visa graduates can enter only in limited cases. NBEMS waives FMGE only for holders of both an undergraduate and a postgraduate medical degree from Canada and four other countries.",
      "cities": [
        "Montreal",
        "Quebec City",
        "Sherbrooke"
      ],
      "climate": "Long, cold and snowy winters; warm summers",
      "currency": "Canadian dollar (CAD)"
    },
    {
      "name": "China",
      "iso2": "CN",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-china/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (5 years study + 1-year internship in an affiliated hospital)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        4950,
        6000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        300,
        500
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        33500,
        53000
      ],
      "medium": "English (MoE-listed universities only); Chinese to HSK-4 required for clinical work",
      "admission": "University application with school marks, English test and CSCA score; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September (applications roughly November/January to June/July)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Course length and internship fit FMGL 2021, but clinical training needs Chinese (HSK-4), only MoE-listed universities may teach in English, and FMGL's licence condition means passing China's doctor qualification exam. FMGE results are among the lowest.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 14.5% (FMGE 2025, June + December combined, NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Xi'an",
        "Nanjing",
        "Wenzhou",
        "Chengdu",
        "Chongqing",
        "Kunming",
        "Ningbo"
      ],
      "climate": "Ranges from cold, dry northern winters to hot, humid southern summers",
      "currency": "Chinese yuan renminbi (CNY)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Czech Republic",
      "iso2": "CZ",
      "region": "Europe",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-czech-republic/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (MUDr. general medicine)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        17200,
        26800
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        700,
        1000
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        103150,
        160800
      ],
      "medium": "English (Czech language courses and exams compulsory)",
      "admission": "Faculty entrance exam (biology, chemistry, sometimes physics/general science) and/or interview; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September/October (applications from 1 November; deadlines 30 April–31 July depending on faculty)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Six-year English-medium MUDr. programmes at public universities with WFME-recognised accreditation, but clinical work needs Czech and the structure of final-year clinical training and Czech licensing for non-EU graduates must be checked against FMGL before enrolling.",
      "fmgePassRate": "5 of 7 passed (FMGE June + Dec 2025 combined, NBEMS; very small sample)",
      "cities": [
        "Prague",
        "Brno",
        "Olomouc",
        "Pilsen",
        "Hradec Králové"
      ],
      "climate": "Temperate continental: warm summers, cold winters",
      "currency": "Czech koruna (CZK); some faculties quote fees in EUR"
    },
    {
      "name": "Egypt",
      "iso2": "EG",
      "region": "Middle East & Africa",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-egypt/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "5 years of study + 2-year internship (7 years)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        6000,
        12500
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        250,
        450
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        51500,
        59500
      ],
      "medium": "English (per the Embassy of India in Cairo); Arabic needed with patients",
      "admission": "Online application via the Study in Egypt portal (Wafedeen); NEET-UG compulsory for Indian students",
      "intake": "September (main)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "The 5-year English-medium MBBCh plus 2-year internship can fit FMGL 2021 only if the internship is done at the same university — and the embassy says that means paying about $6,000 a year in tuition during it. Licence eligibility for foreigners in Egypt must be confirmed.",
      "fmgePassRate": "Too few candidates to be meaningful (2–6 per session in 2024–2025, NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Cairo",
        "Alexandria"
      ],
      "climate": "Hot desert climate: very hot summers, mild winters, little rain",
      "currency": "Egyptian pound (EGP); foreign-student fees quoted in US dollars"
    },
    {
      "name": "Georgia",
      "iso2": "GE",
      "region": "Caucasus",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-georgia/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (360 ECTS MD, clinical rotations in years 4–6)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        4800,
        8000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        200,
        690
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        45000,
        65000
      ],
      "medium": "English (Georgian language taught as a subject for patient contact)",
      "admission": "No national entrance exam for foreigners; university English test or certificate, interview at some universities; NEET-UG required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September (autumn semester); deadlines typically August–September",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Six-year English MD with in-house clinical rotations is the norm. But no MD graduate is licensed on graduation: Georgians and foreigners alike need a Georgian-language post-diploma exam plus residency, and quality varies widely, so check each university against FMGL 2021.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 30.3% (FMGE 2025, June + December combined, 1,548 of 5,103 — NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Tbilisi",
        "Batumi",
        "Kutaisi"
      ],
      "climate": "Tbilisi: hot summers (July–August highs ≈ 32 °C), cool winters near 0 °C; Batumi: mild but the wettest city in the Caucasus",
      "currency": "Georgian lari (GEL)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Germany",
      "iso2": "DE",
      "region": "Europe",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-germany/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "At least 6 years (state examination), incl. 8–12 months of practical training",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        0,
        700
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        1100,
        1200
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        80000,
        100000
      ],
      "medium": "German",
      "admission": "Studienkolleg (M-course) + Feststellungsprüfung for most Indian school leavers; certified German; university selection",
      "intake": "Winter semester (October); some universities also admit for the summer semester (April)",
      "fmglFit": "poor",
      "fmglNote": "Medicine at German public universities is taught in German, while FMGL 2021 requires English medium for the whole course. A German degree is therefore unlikely to qualify you for FMGE and Indian registration, but it leads to Approbation in Germany, which has no nationality condition.",
      "cities": [
        "Berlin",
        "Munich",
        "Heidelberg",
        "Hamburg"
      ],
      "climate": "Temperate: mild summers, cold and grey winters",
      "currency": "Euro (EUR)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hungary",
      "iso2": "HU",
      "region": "Europe",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-hungary/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (12 semesters, final year = clinical internship)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        16900,
        20650
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        800,
        1000
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        96050,
        123850
      ],
      "medium": "English (Hungarian language courses compulsory for patient contact)",
      "admission": "University entrance exam (biology, chemistry, English + oral interview); NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September (Debrecen also lists a January/February start for some programmes)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Six-year English-medium MD with a final-year clinical internship at university hospitals. Check that the whole internship is done at the same university, and confirm with NMC how Hungary's licence rules for non-EU graduates and the integrated internship year are treated before enrolling.",
      "fmgePassRate": "9 of 10 passed (FMGE June + Dec 2025 combined, NBEMS; very small sample)",
      "cities": [
        "Budapest",
        "Debrecen",
        "Szeged",
        "Pécs"
      ],
      "climate": "Continental: warm summers, cold winters with frost and occasional snow",
      "currency": "Hungarian forint (HUF); fees are quoted in EUR or USD"
    },
    {
      "name": "Iran",
      "iso2": "IR",
      "region": "Middle East & Africa",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-iran/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "Reported 66 months (5.5 years) for TUMS's English Medicine programme; confirm internship structure",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        4000,
        10000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        200,
        400
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        22000,
        60000
      ],
      "medium": "English programmes at some universities (e.g. TUMS); Persian needed for patients",
      "admission": "Direct application to university international offices; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September and February (reported for TUMS)",
      "fmglFit": "poor",
      "fmglNote": "Iranian graduates have done well in FMGE, but an active war, an Indian embassy advice to postpone travel and leave, and sanctions that block normal fee payments make it uncertain that a new student can finish the whole course and internship at one university, as FMGL 2021 requires.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 35% (Dec 2025 session: 16 of 46); 51.3% June 2025; 53.3% in 2024 (NBEMS, small samples)",
      "cities": [
        "Tehran",
        "Shiraz",
        "Isfahan"
      ],
      "climate": "Mostly arid or semi-arid: hot summers, cold winters in Tehran and the north",
      "currency": "Iranian rial (IRR)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Italy",
      "iso2": "IT",
      "region": "Europe",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-italy/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (360 CFU; practical-evaluative training inside the course)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        150,
        2200
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        950,
        1100
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        68000,
        81000
      ],
      "medium": "English (IMAT courses); Italian needed for patients in clinical years",
      "admission": "IMAT (national test, held in Italy and abroad incl. India); NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "Autumn (IMAT in September; 2026/27 classes at Parma started 9 November 2026)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "English-taught six-year degree at state universities, and since 2020 the degree qualifies graduates to practise after a practical-evaluative traineeship inside the course. There is no separate 12-month internship year, clinical work needs Italian, and some seats are on an offshore campus, so check each course against FMGL.",
      "fmgePassRate": "1 candidate in 2025, 0 passed (NBEMS; no meaningful data)",
      "cities": [
        "Milan",
        "Rome",
        "Pavia",
        "Naples",
        "Bologna"
      ],
      "climate": "Mediterranean in the south and centre; colder winters in the north",
      "currency": "Euro (EUR)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kazakhstan",
      "iso2": "KZ",
      "region": "Central Asia",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kazakhstan/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "About 6 years for foreign entrants (incl. 12-month internship); citizens moved to 6 + 1 years from 2026",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        4100,
        6600
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        180,
        440
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        28000,
        45000
      ],
      "medium": "English (patients mostly speak Kazakh or Russian)",
      "admission": "University interview or test; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September (applications usually close in August)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Public universities advertise 6-year English programmes with a 12-month internship, which can meet FMGL 2021. But Kazakhstan reformed its medical degree in 2026 (6 + 1 for citizens), so the internship structure, place of internship and licence eligibility for foreigners must be confirmed in writing for each university.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 24.5% (FMGE 2025, June + December combined, 1,427 of 5,827 — NBEMS); ≈ 25.1% in 2024",
      "cities": [
        "Almaty",
        "Astana",
        "Karaganda",
        "Shymkent",
        "Semey"
      ],
      "climate": "Sharply continental: long, harsh winters in the north and centre, hot summers in the south",
      "currency": "Kazakhstani tenge (KZT)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kyrgyzstan",
      "iso2": "KG",
      "region": "Central Asia",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kyrgyzstan/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "5 years (most English programmes for foreigners) or 6 years — check each university",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        3000,
        6000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        100,
        400
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        18000,
        42000
      ],
      "medium": "English for foreigners; patients speak Kyrgyz or Russian",
      "admission": "Application via the state admission centre and portal (from 2026); NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "13 private universities failed 2026 state accreditation and many English programmes are only 5 years, short of FMGL's 54 months plus a 12-month internship at the same institution. Choose a university accredited for the full course with a written 5 + 1 or 6-year structure, and confirm licence eligibility in Kyrgyzstan.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 18.1% (FMGE 2025, June + December combined, 2,479 of 13,730 — NBEMS); ≈ 25.1% in 2024",
      "cities": [
        "Bishkek",
        "Osh",
        "Jalal-Abad",
        "Kant"
      ],
      "climate": "Continental: winters about −25 °C to 5 °C, summers about 14 °C to 37 °C",
      "currency": "Kyrgyz som (KGS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Malaysia",
      "iso2": "MY",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-malaysia/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "5 years (MBBS/MD), followed by separate housemanship for those registered in Malaysia",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        29000,
        29000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        350,
        650
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        153400,
        157500
      ],
      "medium": "English",
      "admission": "University admission; NEET-UG required for Indian citizens (AIMST and Manipal Malaysia state it)",
      "intake": "March and October (Manipal Malaysia); October (Quest); varies by university",
      "fmglFit": "poor",
      "fmglNote": "Programmes are English-medium and 5 years long, but they do not include a 12-month internship at the same university — housemanship is a separate step in Malaysian hospitals. On a plain reading of FMGL 2021 that breaks the same-institution internship rule, and licence eligibility for non-citizens must be confirmed with MMC.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 25.0% (Dec 2025 session: 36 of 144); 28.8% June 2025; 28.9% in 2024 (NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Kuala Lumpur",
        "Melaka",
        "Cyberjaya",
        "Kedah",
        "Perak",
        "Kota Bharu"
      ],
      "climate": "Tropical: hot and humid all year, with heavy monsoon rains",
      "currency": "Malaysian ringgit (MYR)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nepal",
      "iso2": "NP",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-nepal/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "5.5 years (4.5 years study + 1-year rotating internship)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        16500,
        25000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        200,
        350
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        75000,
        85000
      ],
      "medium": "English",
      "admission": "Through Nepal's Medical Education Commission: MECEE-BL entrance exam or India's NEET-UG (NEET qualification is mandatory for Indian citizens anyway)",
      "intake": "Entrance in autumn (MECEE-BL held 31 Oct 2026); classes start after MEC counselling",
      "fmglFit": "good",
      "fmglNote": "MBBS is English-medium, 4.5 years of study plus a 12-month internship at the college's own hospital, and Indian cohorts are large. No NMC advisory against Nepal was found. Still confirm that foreign graduates can register with the Nepal Medical Council.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 23.2% (FMGE 2025, June + December combined, NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Kathmandu",
        "Dhulikhel",
        "Pokhara",
        "Dharan",
        "Bharatpur",
        "Birgunj",
        "Nepalgunj"
      ],
      "climate": "Varies with altitude: warm plains (Terai), mild valleys, cold winters in the hills",
      "currency": "Nepalese rupee (NPR), pegged at NPR 1.60 = ₹1"
    },
    {
      "name": "Philippines",
      "iso2": "PH",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-philippines/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "Pre-med BS (does not count for NMC) + 4-year MD + 1-year internship",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        3700,
        7000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        200,
        550
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        22000,
        48000
      ],
      "medium": "English",
      "admission": "Bachelor's degree + NMAT score (CHED rule); NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "Varies by college; confirm the MD start date in writing",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "The pre-med BS never counts. CHED says its MD meets FMGL 2021 (54-month MD, English, 12-month internship, registrability), but students allege 48-month MDs and internship barriers, and licence reciprocity for Indians is unresolved. Check each college in writing.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 18.8% (FMGE 2025, June + December combined, NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Manila (Metro Manila)",
        "Davao City",
        "Cebu",
        "Valenzuela"
      ],
      "climate": "Tropical and humid all year, with a rainy/typhoon season",
      "currency": "Philippine peso (PHP)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Poland",
      "iso2": "PL",
      "region": "Europe",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-poland/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (long-cycle master's in medicine)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        17700,
        20800
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        700,
        1000
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        106100,
        124650
      ],
      "medium": "English (Polish needed for patients and for the Polish licence)",
      "admission": "University entrance/competency test (biology, chemistry) plus school grades; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "October (applications typically March–June)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Six-year English-medium programmes at state universities, but the Polish licence requires a separate postgraduate internship (staż) and a Polish language exam for English-taught graduates. Check how NMC treats the internship and licence conditions for each university before enrolling.",
      "fmgePassRate": "11 of 18 passed (FMGE June + Dec 2025 combined, NBEMS; small sample)",
      "cities": [
        "Warsaw",
        "Kraków",
        "Gdańsk",
        "Poznań",
        "Lublin"
      ],
      "climate": "Temperate continental: warm summers, cold winters with snow",
      "currency": "Polish złoty (PLN); English-programme fees quoted in EUR"
    },
    {
      "name": "Romania",
      "iso2": "RO",
      "region": "Europe",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-romania/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (360 ECTS)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        11050,
        11050
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        450,
        750
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        66300,
        78250
      ],
      "medium": "English (Romanian needed for patient contact)",
      "admission": "University file assessment + online interview (Carol Davila); Ministry of Education Letter of Acceptance; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "October (applications from spring; second sessions in September at some universities)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Six-year English-medium programmes at state universities, but clinical work needs Romanian and Romania's licensing path for non-EU graduates must be checked. Confirm final-year clinical training and licence eligibility against FMGL with the university and NMC before enrolling.",
      "fmgePassRate": "3 of 16 passed (FMGE June + Dec 2025 combined, NBEMS; small sample)",
      "cities": [
        "Bucharest",
        "Cluj-Napoca",
        "Iași",
        "Timișoara",
        "Târgu Mureș"
      ],
      "climate": "Continental: hot summers, cold winters with snow",
      "currency": "Romanian leu (RON); tuition quoted in EUR"
    },
    {
      "name": "Russia",
      "iso2": "RU",
      "region": "Russia & Belarus",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-russia/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, Specialist degree)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        3450,
        15800
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        300,
        400
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        21000,
        105000
      ],
      "medium": "English-medium tracks at many state universities; Russian needed with patients in clinical years",
      "admission": "NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens; university entrance tests or interviews (often Chemistry/Biology), no national cut-off",
      "intake": "September (documents usually June–August)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Six-year English-medium programmes are common, but NMC treats the 12-month internship as separate from the 54-month course, clinical work involves Russian-speaking patients, and licence eligibility must be shown. Check each university's curriculum, internship and transcript wording before you pay.",
      "fmgePassRate": "25.8% (FMGE 2025, June + December sessions combined, NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Kazan",
        "Moscow",
        "Ufa",
        "Volgograd",
        "Orenburg",
        "Yoshkar-Ola",
        "Stavropol"
      ],
      "climate": "Long, cold winters; Kazan averages about −10 °C in January and 20 °C in July",
      "currency": "Russian rouble (RUB); about 82 RUB per US$ (Bank of Russia, 14 Nov 2026)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Serbia",
      "iso2": "RS",
      "region": "Europe",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-serbia/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (12 semesters, integrated academic studies)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        6650,
        6650
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        400,
        650
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        39800,
        50000
      ],
      "medium": "English (Serbian needed for patient contact)",
      "admission": "Written entrance exam in Biology and Chemistry (+ interview at Kragujevac); NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September–October, with extended enrolment periods into October/November",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Six-year English-medium integrated programmes at state faculties with WFME-recognised accreditation and a growing FMGE record. Check how clinical training and any postgraduate internship are organised, and whether non-EU graduates can be licensed in Serbia on par with citizens, before enrolling.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 43% — 42 of 97 passed (FMGE June + Dec 2025 combined, NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Niš",
        "Kragujevac",
        "Novi Sad",
        "Belgrade"
      ],
      "climate": "Continental: hot summers, cold winters",
      "currency": "Serbian dinar (RSD); English-programme fees quoted in EUR"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tajikistan",
      "iso2": "TJ",
      "region": "Central Asia",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-tajikistan/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (5 years of study + compulsory 1-year internship)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        3800,
        5500
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        180,
        540
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        26000,
        37000
      ],
      "medium": "English for foreign students in General Medicine; basic Tajik/Russian expected for clinical work",
      "admission": "University interview in Physics, Chemistry and Biology; NEET-UG required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September (ATSMU foreign applications 1–20 August, in person)",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Five years plus a one-year internship at the same university, English-medium General Medicine and a local licence on par with citizens look FMGL-aligned on paper. But fees and curricula are not officially published, the Embassy reports weak English and limited patient contact, and FMGE results are below average.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 18.4% (FMGE 2025, June + December combined, 186 of 1,013 — NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Dushanbe",
        "Danghara"
      ],
      "climate": "Hot, dry summers (Dushanbe July average high ≈ 36 °C) and cold winters, with heavy snow in the mountains from November to March",
      "currency": "Tajikistani somoni (TJS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "UK",
      "iso2": "GB",
      "region": "Europe",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-uk/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "5 years (6 at schools such as Imperial and Edinburgh), followed by the 2-year Foundation Programme",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        52800,
        83000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        1550,
        2000
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        440000,
        634000
      ],
      "medium": "English",
      "admission": "Top Class 12 marks (e.g. 85% in CBSE/CISCE at Edinburgh) or A-levels/IB, UCAT, IELTS (e.g. 7.0 in every component at Liverpool), UCAS application and interview; NEET only matters for the Indian route",
      "intake": "September/October; UCAS medicine deadline 15 October of the previous year",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "English medium, 5–6 years, and UK graduates of any nationality qualify for GMC provisional registration. But FMGL's 12-month internship 'in the same foreign medical institution' has no exact UK match: Foundation Year 1 is a paid NHS post allocated nationally after graduation, and NMC has not ruled on it.",
      "cities": [
        "London",
        "Manchester",
        "Edinburgh",
        "Glasgow",
        "Liverpool"
      ],
      "currency": "Pound sterling (GBP); £1 ≈ US$1.32 ≈ ₹124 (ECB reference rate, 13 Nov 2026)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ukraine",
      "iso2": "UA",
      "region": "Europe",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-ukraine/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (Medicine, specialty I2)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        3000,
        3000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        300,
        550
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        18000,
        24000
      ],
      "medium": "English or Ukrainian (choose English for FMGL compliance)",
      "admission": "University admission for foreigners; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "Autumn (September–October); check each university",
      "fmglFit": "poor",
      "fmglNote": "Programmes were built for Indian students before 2022, but an active war, martial law, campus disruption and the FMGL 2021 ban on changing universities make completing a compliant course uncertain. NMC's relief for displaced students was explicitly one-time.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 21.5% (Dec 2025 session: 638 of 2,970); 18.6% June 2025; 31.1% in 2024 (NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Lviv",
        "Vinnytsia",
        "Ternopil",
        "Ivano-Frankivsk",
        "Uzhhorod",
        "Chernivtsi"
      ],
      "climate": "Temperate continental: cold, snowy winters and warm summers",
      "currency": "Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH); fees are quoted in USD and paid in hryvnia"
    },
    {
      "name": "USA",
      "iso2": "US",
      "region": "Caribbean & Americas",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-usa/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "4-year MD after a 4-year bachelor's degree, then residency (graduate medical education) before a licence",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        60000,
        78000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        2450,
        3100
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        383000,
        453000
      ],
      "medium": "English",
      "admission": "Bachelor's degree (US or Canadian coursework strongly preferred), MCAT, AMCAS application and interviews; NEET-UG matters only if you want to keep the Indian route open",
      "intake": "One intake a year; you apply through AMCAS about a year before the course starts",
      "fmglFit": "poor",
      "fmglNote": "A US MD lasts four years (48 months) after a bachelor's degree, short of FMGL's 54-month minimum; it has no 12-month internship in the same institution; and a US licence needs residency and all three USMLE Steps. As written, FMGL 2021 does not fit this route.",
      "currency": "US dollar (USD)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Uzbekistan",
      "iso2": "UZ",
      "region": "Central Asia",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-uzbekistan/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (5 years of study + 1-year internship)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        2900,
        4500
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        160,
        560
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        21000,
        27000
      ],
      "medium": "English on paper for foreign students; NMC and the Indian Embassy report clinical teaching often not in English at named institutes",
      "admission": "No entrance exam for Indians beyond a university interview; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September (main); some universities also run a winter intake",
      "fmglFit": "mixed",
      "fmglNote": "Active NMC Alert Note (1 April 2026) names three state medical universities (Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent) for over-capacity admissions and non-English clinical training, and flags an offshore campus in India. Not a ban, but compliance must be verified university by university before paying.",
      "fmgePassRate": "≈ 37.9% (FMGE 2025, June + December combined, 533 of 1,405 — NBEMS)",
      "cities": [
        "Tashkent",
        "Samarkand",
        "Bukhara",
        "Andijan",
        "Termez",
        "Urgench"
      ],
      "climate": "Continental: very hot, dry summers (Tashkent July average high ≈ 36 °C) and cold winters near or below freezing",
      "currency": "Uzbek som (UZS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vietnam",
      "iso2": "VN",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-vietnam/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "duration": "6 years (Doctor of Medicine / General Doctor)",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        5000,
        31000
      ],
      "livingUsdPerMonth": [
        250,
        500
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        40000,
        195000
      ],
      "medium": "Mostly Vietnamese; a few new English-taught programmes (Vietnamese still needed for clinical work)",
      "admission": "University admission for international students; NEET-UG qualification required for Indian citizens",
      "intake": "September–October",
      "fmglFit": "poor",
      "fmglNote": "The standard Vietnamese MD is taught in Vietnamese. English programmes for foreigners started only in 2025, still need Vietnamese for the clinical phase, and Vietnam's licence requires Vietnamese proficiency and a capacity test. No graduates or FMGE record yet, so compliance with FMGL 2021 is unproven.",
      "cities": [
        "Hanoi",
        "Ho Chi Minh City"
      ],
      "climate": "Tropical: hot, humid summers with a rainy season; Hanoi has a cool winter",
      "currency": "Vietnamese dong (VND); about 26,300 VND per US dollar in mid-2026"
    }
  ],
  "universities": [
    {
      "name": "Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University",
      "country": "Kazakhstan",
      "city": "Almaty",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://kaznmu.edu.kz/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kazakhstan/asfendiyarov-kazakh-national-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 6600,
      "duration": "About 6 years (confirm internship structure for the 2027 intake)",
      "medium": "English (Russian/Kazakh needed for patient contact)",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "QS World University Rankings 2026: 1001–1200 band (university-reported)",
        "QS World University Rankings by Subject, Medicine 2025: 701–850 (university-reported)",
        "Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027: 1201–1400 (university-reported)",
        "Verify the current WDOMS entry at search.wdoms.org before applying"
      ],
      "ranking": "QS World University Rankings 2026: 1001–1200 (university-reported)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Asian Medical Institute",
      "country": "Kyrgyzstan",
      "city": "Kant",
      "type": "private",
      "website": "https://www.aiust.kg/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kyrgyzstan/asian-medical-institute/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        3000,
        3400
      ],
      "hostelUsdPerYear": 600,
      "totalCostUsd": [
        18000,
        24000
      ],
      "duration": "6 years or 5 years (both accredited); choose 6 years or confirm a 12-month internship",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Kyrgyz state accreditation for 6 years, institutional and programme (May 2026)",
        "Licensed by the Kyrgyz Ministry of Education and Science (No. D2021-0004, 14 May 2021)",
        "Listed in WDOMS according to Wikipedia; verify the entry at search.wdoms.org"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Astana Medical University",
      "country": "Kazakhstan",
      "city": "Astana",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://amu.edu.kz/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kazakhstan/astana-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 6600,
      "totalCostUsd": 39600,
      "duration": "6 years (Medicine, as listed on the 2026-27 price list)",
      "medium": "English (Kazakh/Russian-medium track also offered)",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Kazakhstan state medical university (non-commercial joint-stock company)",
        "FMGE 2024 pass rate ≈ 35.9% (NBEMS data reported by Careers360)",
        "Verify the current WDOMS entry at search.wdoms.org before applying"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Azerbaijan Medical University",
      "country": "Azerbaijan",
      "city": "Baku",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://amu.edu.az/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-azerbaijan/azerbaijan-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 6000,
      "hostelUsdPerYear": 600,
      "totalCostUsd": [
        39600,
        44600
      ],
      "duration": "6 years (Treatment and Prevention faculty) after a ~5–6 month preparatory course",
      "medium": "English, Russian or Azerbaijani",
      "intake": "Autumn; preparatory course or direct first-year entry decided at interview",
      "recognition": [
        "Public state medical university of the Republic of Azerbaijan",
        "Foreign admission through the Ministry of Science and Education portal (portal.edu.az)",
        "Member of the Caucasus University Association"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "Small cohort: 35 AMU graduates sat FMGE in the December 2025 session (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bashkir State Medical University",
      "country": "Russia",
      "city": "Ufa",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://bashgmu.ru/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-russia/bashkir-state-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        4950,
        5500
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": 29650,
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, Specialist)",
      "medium": "English as intermediary language (separate fee schedule for foreign students)",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Federal state university of the Russian Ministry of Health, founded 25 March 1932",
        "Graduates listed in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports for 2024 and 2025"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "Mid-sized cohort: 340 FMGE appearances in 2024 and 296 in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University",
      "country": "Georgia",
      "city": "Batumi",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://www.bsu.edu.ge/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-georgia/batumi-shota-rustaveli-state-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 5000,
      "totalCostUsd": 30000,
      "duration": "6 years (one-cycle Medical Doctor)",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "September (autumn semester)",
      "recognition": [
        "Legal Entity of Public Law — Shota Rustaveli State University (Georgia)",
        "University authorised in Georgia since 2011",
        "Check the current WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "294 BSU graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Belarusian State Medical University",
      "country": "Belarus",
      "city": "Minsk",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://www.bsmu.by/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-belarus/belarusian-state-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 6300,
      "totalCostUsd": 37800,
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine)",
      "medium": "English (English-medium groups); Russian-medium also offered",
      "intake": "September (documents and interviews through September in 2026)",
      "recognition": [
        "Listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools (WDOMS), according to BSMU",
        "State university of the Ministry of Health of Belarus; graduates listed in NBEMS FMGE reports"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "159 FMGE appearances in 2024 and 192 in 2025 (NBEMS); about 846 Indian students in Belarus overall (Indian Embassy)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bukhara State Medical Institute",
      "country": "Uzbekistan",
      "city": "Bukhara",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://bsmi.uz/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-uzbekistan/bukhara-state-medical-institute/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        2900,
        3500
      ],
      "duration": "6 years (5 years + 1-year internship)",
      "medium": "English for foreign students (NMC/Indian Embassy report clinical teaching often not in English)",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "State medical institute of Uzbekistan named after Abu Ali ibn Sino",
        "Named in NMC Alert Note of 1 April 2026 — verify FMGL 2021 compliance",
        "Check the current WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "India is among the 25 countries whose students BSMI lists; 504 BSMI graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",
      "country": "Romania",
      "city": "Bucharest",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://umfcd.ro/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-romania/carol-davila-university-of-medicine-and-pharmacy/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 11050,
      "totalCostUsd": [
        66300,
        78250
      ],
      "duration": "6 years",
      "medium": "English (Romanian needed for patients)",
      "intake": "October (first session July results; second session September)",
      "recognition": [
        "WFME lists IAAR (Kazakhstan) as the recognised agency serving Romania, until January 2028 — confirm the university's accreditation status",
        "Check the WDOMS listing (search.wdoms.org)",
        "Check against NMC FMGL 2021 (NMC publishes no approved list)"
      ],
      "ranking": "ShanghaiRanking Global Ranking of Academic Subjects, Clinical Medicine: 101–150 (university page)",
      "indianStudents": "FMGE 2025 (NBEMS): 1 Carol Davila graduate appeared (June 2025), did not pass"
    },
    {
      "name": "Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine",
      "country": "Czech Republic",
      "city": "Prague",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://en.lf1.cuni.cz/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-czech-republic/charles-university-first-faculty-of-medicine/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 26800,
      "totalCostUsd": 160800,
      "duration": "6 years (3 theoretical/pre-clinical + 3 clinical years)",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "September/October (applications 1 Nov 2026 – 30 Apr 2027)",
      "recognition": [
        "Czech National Accreditation Bureau (NAB) holds WFME recognition until January 2035",
        "Check the WDOMS listing (search.wdoms.org) before enrolling",
        "Check against NMC FMGL 2021 (NMC publishes no approved list)"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "FMGE 2025 (NBEMS): 6 First Faculty graduates appeared, 5 passed"
    },
    {
      "name": "Davao Medical School Foundation",
      "country": "Philippines",
      "city": "Davao City",
      "type": "private",
      "website": "https://www.dmsf.edu.ph/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-philippines/davao-medical-school-foundation/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 3700,
      "hostelUsdPerYear": 1800,
      "totalCostUsd": [
        22000,
        26000
      ],
      "duration": "4-year MD after a bachelor's degree, then post-graduate internship",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "Documents due at least 30 days before the academic year starts; confirm dates with DMSF",
      "recognition": [
        "Graduates appear in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports (2024, 2025)",
        "Ranked 5th among Philippine medical schools in the October 2026 PLE (as reported by DMSF)",
        "Check WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "2,424 DMSF graduates sat FMGE in 2025, the most of any Philippine college (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "European University",
      "country": "Georgia",
      "city": "Tbilisi",
      "type": "private",
      "website": "https://eu.edu.ge/en",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-georgia/european-university-georgia/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 6500,
      "totalCostUsd": 39000,
      "duration": "6 years (360 ECTS Medical Doctor)",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "September (autumn); 2025–26 deadline was 20 September 2025",
      "recognition": [
        "Private university authorised in Georgia; enrolment via NCEQE and Ministry of Education",
        "University states its Faculty of Medicine is listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools — verify at search.wdoms.org",
        "Member of AMEE and AMSE (university's statement)"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "315 European University graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS); the university reports about 2,000 international students overall"
    },
    {
      "name": "International School of Medicine, International University of Kyrgyzstan",
      "country": "Kyrgyzstan",
      "city": "Bishkek",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://ism.iuk.kg/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kyrgyzstan/international-school-of-medicine-iuk/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        5000,
        7900
      ],
      "duration": "5 years for foreign citizens (6-year course also accredited at IUK); confirm a 12-month internship",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "IUK accredited for 6 years in Kyrgyzstan's state accreditation (May 2026)",
        "National accreditation (AAPO) and international accreditation (IAAR) documents listed by ISM",
        "Verify the current WDOMS entry at search.wdoms.org before applying"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University",
      "country": "Georgia",
      "city": "Tbilisi",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://www.tsu.ge/en",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-georgia/ivane-javakhishvili-tbilisi-state-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 8000,
      "totalCostUsd": 48000,
      "duration": "6 years (one-stage Medicine programme)",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "September (autumn semester); registration dates set each year by Rector's order",
      "recognition": [
        "Public university of Georgia, founded 1918",
        "Enrolment of foreigners requires NCEQE recognition and a Ministry of Education decree",
        "Check the current WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "ranking": "QS World University Rankings 2026: 951–1000 (whole university)",
      "indianStudents": "139 TSU medical graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS) — a smaller cohort than at Georgia's large medical universities"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jalal-Abad State University",
      "country": "Kyrgyzstan",
      "city": "Jalal-Abad",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://jasu.kg/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kyrgyzstan/jalal-abad-state-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        3000,
        4200
      ],
      "hostelUsdPerYear": 600,
      "totalCostUsd": [
        18000,
        28800
      ],
      "duration": "5 or 6 years (both General Medicine courses accredited); confirm a 12-month internship",
      "medium": "English for foreign students",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Kyrgyz state accreditation for 1 year (May 2026); Indian Embassy cleared admissions on 25 August 2026",
        "State university of the Kyrgyz Republic (founded by presidential decree, 1993)",
        "Verify the current WDOMS entry at search.wdoms.org before applying"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Karaganda Medical University",
      "country": "Kazakhstan",
      "city": "Karaganda",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://qmu.edu.kz/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kazakhstan/karaganda-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 4500,
      "duration": "About 6 years (confirm internship structure for the 2027 intake)",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Public medical university of Kazakhstan, established 1950",
        "International Medical Faculty for English-medium General Medicine since 2016",
        "Verify the current WDOMS entry at search.wdoms.org before applying"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "More than 1,500 foreign students study General Medicine in English at the International Medical Faculty (university figure; no India-specific count published)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences",
      "country": "Nepal",
      "city": "Dhulikhel (Kavre)",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://kusms.edu.np/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-nepal/kathmandu-university-school-of-medical-sciences/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 25000,
      "totalCostUsd": 75000,
      "duration": "5.5 years (4.5 years study + 1-year rotating internship)",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "Through MEC entrance and counselling; confirm the session start with KUSMS",
      "recognition": [
        "Constituent school of Kathmandu University, a public institution established by Act of Parliament (1991)",
        "Seats allocated through Nepal's Medical Education Commission",
        "Graduates appear in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports (2024, 2025)",
        "Check WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "30 KUSMS graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kazan Federal University",
      "country": "Russia",
      "city": "Kazan",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://kpfu.ru/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-russia/kazan-federal-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 7950,
      "totalCostUsd": 47700,
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, Specialist)",
      "medium": "English (General Medicine track taught in English per the fee order)",
      "intake": "September (entry usually from mid-August)",
      "recognition": [
        "Russian federal state university founded on 5 November 1804 (official disclosure page)",
        "Graduates listed in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports for 2024 and 2025"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "Small cohort: 19 FMGE appearances in 2024 and 29 in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kazan State Medical University",
      "country": "Russia",
      "city": "Kazan",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://kazangmu.ru/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-russia/kazan-state-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 7750,
      "totalCostUsd": 46450,
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, Specialist)",
      "medium": "English or Russian (choose the English track)",
      "intake": "September (documents 20 June–15 July in 2026)",
      "recognition": [
        "Federal state university of the Russian Ministry of Health (Kazan GMU)",
        "Graduates listed in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports for 2024 and 2025"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "Large cohort: 436 FMGE appearances in 2024 and 387 in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "city": "Enayetpur, Sirajganj",
      "type": "private",
      "website": "https://kyamc.edu.bd/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-bangladesh/khwaja-yunus-ali-medical-college/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 9000,
      "totalCostUsd": 48500,
      "duration": "5 years + 1-year internship",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "Annual DGME foreign-student circular (applications Nov–Jan); classes early in the following year",
      "recognition": [
        "Admits foreign students through Bangladesh's DGME circular",
        "Graduates appear in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports (2024, 2025)",
        "Check WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "87 KYAMC graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kyrgyz State Medical Academy",
      "country": "Kyrgyzstan",
      "city": "Bishkek",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://kgma.kg/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kyrgyzstan/kyrgyz-state-medical-academy/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        3500,
        4200
      ],
      "hostelUsdPerYear": 600,
      "totalCostUsd": [
        20500,
        24000
      ],
      "duration": "5 years (General Medicine in English); 6 years in Russian",
      "medium": "English or Russian (separate programmes)",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "State medical academy; not subject to Kyrgyzstan's 2026 state accreditation (Embassy of India, June 2026)",
        "Rector reported that KSMA passed international accreditation (Ministry of Health press conference, April 2026)",
        "Verify the current WDOMS entry at search.wdoms.org before applying"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Mari State University",
      "country": "Russia",
      "city": "Yoshkar-Ola",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://marsu.ru/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-russia/mari-state-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        3000,
        4650
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        21200,
        27750
      ],
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, Specialist)",
      "medium": "English (separate fee order for foreigners taught in English or French)",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Federal state university under Russia's Ministry of Science and Higher Education, founded in 1972",
        "Medical Faculty graduates listed in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports for 2024 and 2025"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "Largest Russian cohort in FMGE 2025: 1,004 appearances (930 in 2024), NBEMS"
    },
    {
      "name": "Medical University of Varna",
      "country": "Bulgaria",
      "city": "Varna",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://www.mu-varna.bg/EN",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-bulgaria/medical-university-of-varna/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        9950,
        11050
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": 62100,
      "duration": "6 years (10 semesters + 1-year state clinical internship, 310 days)",
      "medium": "English (Bulgarian compulsory in years 1–3)",
      "intake": "October",
      "recognition": [
        "Bulgaria's National Evaluation and Accreditation Agency (NEAA) holds WFME recognition until October 2036",
        "Check the WDOMS listing (search.wdoms.org)",
        "Check against NMC FMGL 2021 (NMC publishes no approved list)"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "FMGE 2025 (NBEMS): 15 Varna graduates appeared, 5 passed"
    },
    {
      "name": "Monno Medical College",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "city": "Manikganj",
      "type": "private",
      "website": "https://monnomch.edu.bd/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-bangladesh/monno-medical-college/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 9000,
      "totalCostUsd": [
        45000,
        47250
      ],
      "duration": "5 years + 1-year internship",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "Annual DGME foreign-student circular (applications Nov–Jan); classes early in the following year",
      "recognition": [
        "Admits foreign students under Bangladesh's MBBS/BDS admission policy and DGME circular",
        "Graduates appear in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports (2024, 2025)",
        "Check WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "86 Monno graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nanjing Medical University",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Nanjing, Jiangsu",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "http://sie.njmu.edu.cn/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-china/nanjing-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 5100,
      "hostelUsdPerYear": [
        900,
        1200
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        36000,
        38000
      ],
      "duration": "6 years (incl. 1-year internship)",
      "medium": "English, with Chinese language study (HSK) for clinical work",
      "intake": "September (2026 applications: 1 Jan – 30 Jun 2026)",
      "recognition": [
        "On China's Ministry of Education 2019–20 list of 45 universities allowed to teach MBBS in English (100 places)",
        "Graduates appear in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports (2024, 2025)",
        "Check WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "NMU's English site lists 276 Indian students enrolled and 639 in total (undated); 171 graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "New Vision University",
      "country": "Georgia",
      "city": "Tbilisi",
      "type": "private",
      "website": "https://newvision.ge/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-georgia/new-vision-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 7000,
      "totalCostUsd": 42000,
      "duration": "6 years (360 ECTS Medical Doctor)",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "September (autumn semester)",
      "recognition": [
        "Private university authorised in Georgia; enrolment via NCEQE and Ministry of Education",
        "Curriculum designed against WFME global standards and TUNING/MEDINE outcomes (university's statement)",
        "Check the current WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "253 NVU graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Orenburg State Medical University",
      "country": "Russia",
      "city": "Orenburg",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://www.orgma.ru/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-russia/orenburg-state-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        2850,
        5150
      ],
      "hostelUsdPerYear": [
        250,
        350
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        25300,
        25900
      ],
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, Specialist)",
      "medium": "English as intermediary language (separate fee schedule)",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Federal state university of the Russian Ministry of Health, founded 12 August 1944",
        "Graduates listed in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports for 2024 and 2025"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "Large cohort: 447 FMGE appearances in 2024 and 467 in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Osh State University",
      "country": "Kyrgyzstan",
      "city": "Osh",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://www.oshsu.kg/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kyrgyzstan/osh-state-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 3700,
      "duration": "5 years (English General Medicine for foreigners); 6-year General Medicine also accredited",
      "medium": "English (International Medical Faculty)",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Kyrgyz state accreditation for 6 years (Ministry of Health, decision of 29 May 2026)",
        "Public university with university status since 1992",
        "Verify the current WDOMS entry at search.wdoms.org before applying"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "About 3,000 international students, most of them in the medical faculty (no India-specific figure published)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Our Lady of Fatima University",
      "country": "Philippines",
      "city": "Valenzuela (Metro Manila)",
      "type": "private",
      "website": "https://fatima.edu.ph/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-philippines/our-lady-of-fatima-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 7000,
      "totalCostUsd": [
        34000,
        48000
      ],
      "duration": "4-year MD (150 credits) after a bachelor's degree, then post-graduate internship",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "Enrolment listed as ongoing; confirm the start date with OLFU",
      "recognition": [
        "Level I accreditation by FAAP (as stated by OLFU)",
        "MD accredited by the New York State Education Department (as stated by OLFU)",
        "Graduates appear in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports (2024, 2025)",
        "Check WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "ranking": "QS Stars rating: 4 stars (as stated by OLFU)",
      "indianStudents": "291 OLFU graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Samarkand State Medical University",
      "country": "Uzbekistan",
      "city": "Samarkand",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://sammu.uz/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-uzbekistan/samarkand-state-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 3500,
      "duration": "6 years (5 years + 1-year internship)",
      "medium": "Russian or English (English stream for most Indian students)",
      "intake": "September; winter intake also run (about 1,400 Indians joined the 2025 winter intake)",
      "recognition": [
        "State medical university of Uzbekistan, established 1930",
        "Named in NMC Alert Note of 1 April 2026 — verify FMGL 2021 compliance",
        "Check the current WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "About 1,400 Indian students admitted in the 2025 winter intake; 3,239 international students on roll by 2024–25 (Indian Embassy advisory, 31 October 2025)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sechenov University (First Moscow State Medical University)",
      "country": "Russia",
      "city": "Moscow",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://www.sechenov.ru/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-russia/sechenov-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        15800,
        19300
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": 105050,
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, Specialist)",
      "medium": "Russian and English (programme page); confirm English for all six years",
      "intake": "September (main round); additional round for foreign-qualified applicants in autumn",
      "recognition": [
        "Federal state university of the Russian Ministry of Health; founded in 1758 as the medical faculty of Moscow University",
        "Graduates listed in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports for 2024 and 2025"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "Small cohort: 54 FMGE appearances in 2024 and 59 in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Semey Medical University",
      "country": "Kazakhstan",
      "city": "Semey",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://smu.edu.kz/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kazakhstan/semey-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 4100,
      "hostelUsdPerYear": 800,
      "totalCostUsd": 29400,
      "duration": "About 6 years (confirm internship structure for the 2027 intake)",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "September (applications 5–20 August)",
      "recognition": [
        "Public non-commercial joint-stock company (NCJSC) with its own university hospital",
        "Branches in Pavlodar and Ust-Kamenogorsk",
        "Verify the current WDOMS entry at search.wdoms.org before applying"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Semmelweis University",
      "country": "Hungary",
      "city": "Budapest",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://semmelweis.hu/english/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-hungary/semmelweis-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 20650,
      "totalCostUsd": 123850,
      "duration": "6 years (12 semesters, 360 credits; year 6 = clinical internship)",
      "medium": "English",
      "intake": "September (applications 1 Dec 2026 – 31 May 2027)",
      "recognition": [
        "Hungarian Accreditation Committee (MAB) holds WFME recognition until 31 March 2032",
        "Check the WDOMS listing (search.wdoms.org) before enrolling",
        "Check against NMC FMGL 2021 (NMC publishes no approved list)"
      ],
      "ranking": "Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027: 247th (university facts page)",
      "indianStudents": "FMGE 2025 (NBEMS): 7 Semmelweis graduates appeared, 6 passed"
    },
    {
      "name": "South Kazakhstan Medical Academy",
      "country": "Kazakhstan",
      "city": "Shymkent",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://skma.edu.kz/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-kazakhstan/south-kazakhstan-medical-academy/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 4500,
      "hostelUsdPerYear": 550,
      "totalCostUsd": 30300,
      "duration": "About 6 years for foreign entrants; 6 + 1 model announced for 2026 entrants",
      "medium": "English (international faculty)",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Kazakh medical academy (JSC) with institutional and programme accreditation listed on its website",
        "Verify the current WDOMS entry at search.wdoms.org before applying"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "Stavropol State Medical University",
      "country": "Russia",
      "city": "Stavropol",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://stgmu.ru/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-russia/stavropol-state-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 3450,
      "totalCostUsd": 20800,
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, Specialist)",
      "medium": "Intermediary-language (English) instruction 'included'; confirm English for all six years",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Federal state university of the Russian Ministry of Health, founded 25 May 1937",
        "Graduates listed in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports for 2024 and 2025"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "Large cohort: 719 FMGE appearances in 2024 and 722 in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tashkent State Medical University",
      "country": "Uzbekistan",
      "city": "Tashkent",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://tma.uz/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-uzbekistan/tashkent-state-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        3500,
        4500
      ],
      "hostelUsdPerYear": 600,
      "totalCostUsd": 26850,
      "duration": "6 years",
      "medium": "English for foreign students (NMC/Indian Embassy report clinical teaching often not in English)",
      "intake": "September (2025 admissions opened on 25 August)",
      "recognition": [
        "State university created by Presidential Resolution of 22 April 2025",
        "Named in NMC Alert Note of 1 April 2026 — verify FMGL 2021 compliance",
        "Check the current WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "Over 6,000 Indian students enrolled in one year, per Indian Embassy figures reported by Careers360 (August 2025)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tbilisi State Medical University",
      "country": "Georgia",
      "city": "Tbilisi",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://tsmu.edu/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-georgia/tbilisi-state-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 8000,
      "totalCostUsd": 48000,
      "duration": "6 years (one-cycle Doctor of Medicine)",
      "medium": "English (International Faculty); Russian and Georgian streams also exist",
      "intake": "September (autumn semester); 2026/27 fall admission was open in November 2026",
      "recognition": [
        "State university of Georgia; admission of foreigners under Order No. 224/N of the Minister of Education (2011)",
        "MD programmes in Georgia must hold state accreditation (6-year standard)",
        "Check the current WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "638 TSMU graduates sat FMGE in 2025, the most of any Georgian university (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "University of Debrecen",
      "country": "Hungary",
      "city": "Debrecen",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://edu.unideb.hu/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-hungary/university-of-debrecen/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": [
        16900,
        19500
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        101400,
        117000
      ],
      "duration": "6 years (12 semesters, 360 ECTS; year 6 = clinical rotations)",
      "medium": "English (Hungarian taught in years 1–3 for patient contact)",
      "intake": "September (deadline 15 May 2027)",
      "recognition": [
        "Hungarian Accreditation Committee (MAB) holds WFME recognition until 31 March 2032",
        "University lists recognition by the New York State Education Department and Medical Board of California",
        "Check the WDOMS listing and NMC FMGL 2021 before enrolling"
      ],
      "ranking": "QS World University Rankings by Subject, Medicine: 351–400 (as cited by the university)",
      "indianStudents": "FMGE December 2025 (NBEMS): 2 Debrecen graduates appeared, 2 passed"
    },
    {
      "name": "Volgograd State Medical University",
      "country": "Russia",
      "city": "Volgograd",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://www.volgmed.ru/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-russia/volgograd-state-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 5850,
      "hostelUsdPerYear": [
        750,
        1300
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        39450,
        42750
      ],
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, Specialist)",
      "medium": "English (separate English-medium track and fee)",
      "intake": "September",
      "recognition": [
        "Federal state university of the Russian Ministry of Health, founded 17 August 1935",
        "Graduates listed in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports for 2024 and 2025"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "Large cohort: 586 FMGE appearances in 2024 and 467 in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wenzhou Medical University",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Wenzhou, Zhejiang",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://en.wmu.edu.cn/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-china/wenzhou-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 4950,
      "hostelUsdPerYear": 660,
      "totalCostUsd": 33600,
      "duration": "6 years",
      "medium": "English, with Chinese language study (HSK) for clinical work",
      "intake": "September (applications January – July)",
      "recognition": [
        "On China's Ministry of Education 2019–20 list of 45 universities allowed to teach MBBS in English (100 places, plus 50 offshore)",
        "Graduates appear in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports (2024, 2025)",
        "Check WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "145 WMU graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xi'an Jiaotong University",
      "country": "China",
      "city": "Xi'an, Shaanxi",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://sie.xjtu.edu.cn/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-china/xian-jiaotong-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 6000,
      "hostelUsdPerYear": [
        1200,
        2850
      ],
      "totalCostUsd": [
        43000,
        53000
      ],
      "duration": "6 years (incl. 1-year internship)",
      "medium": "English, with Chinese language study (HSK) for clinical work",
      "intake": "September (2026 applications: 1 Nov 2025 – 30 Jun 2026)",
      "recognition": [
        "On China's Ministry of Education 2019–20 list of 45 universities allowed to teach MBBS in English (100 places)",
        "Graduates appear in NBEMS FMGE institute-wise reports (2024, 2025)",
        "Check WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "176 XJTU graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi",
      "country": "Armenia",
      "city": "Yerevan",
      "type": "public",
      "website": "https://ysmu.am/en/",
      "url": "https://4mbbs.com/mbbs-in-armenia/yerevan-state-medical-university/",
      "lastChecked": "2026-11-14",
      "tuitionUsdPerYear": 7200,
      "totalCostUsd": 43200,
      "duration": "6 years (General Medicine, MD Physician)",
      "medium": "English (Armenian and Russian streams also exist)",
      "intake": "September (applications June–September)",
      "recognition": [
        "State medical university of Armenia, founded 1920",
        "Check the current WDOMS listing at search.wdoms.org"
      ],
      "indianStudents": "377 YSMU graduates sat FMGE in 2025 (NBEMS); the Indian Embassy names YSMU as the one government university where most Indian medical students in Armenia study"
    }
  ]
}